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Throughout the book, there are references to how Balram is very different from those back in his home environment. He is referred to as the "white tiger"[11] (which also happens to be the title of the book). A white tiger symbolizes power in East Asian cultures,[12] such as in Vietnam. It is also a symbol for freedom and individuality. Balram is seen as different from those he grew up with. He is the one who got out of the "Darkness" and found his way into the "Light".
Derrida recognizes that his definition of self is nothing that canbe defined by the physical world or society. He explains the "differencebetween Beings and beings," where the capital B demonstrates anawareness of the unconscious self, "the first consequence of this isthat differance is not. It is not a being-present, however excellent, unique,principal, or transcendent one makes it. It commands nothing, rules overnothing, and nowhere does it exercise any authority" (401). Because noone can define our differance, we are free to let it become Being withoutacceptance from government or society. Balram takes the white tiger'sidentity as his new name, thereby creating a free identity from the sameanimal that enslaved. The paradox is extended in the equation of the tigerwith Balram's master: although the master enjoys a life in the uppercaste of society, his defined role does not allow for true Being. The layeredparadoxes in the text begin to function like the space inside of an enso.Adiga frequently uses the word "nothing" to give it a definitionlike that of space. This tool gives an even stronger connection to Chineseculture, specifically Zen Buddhism, which may allow the premier to understandbetter the plight of India's people. enso are filled with paradoxes andopposites, containing everything and nothing, the moon and the sun, light anddark, and knowledge and ignorance all in one. Stephen Addiss describes it as"the all, the void, and enlightenment itself" (12). The white spaceof the inner circle can be absent or present, often described as "voidof whole." White symbolism pervades the text and is confused by amulticultural reading of it. Whereas in Western cultures white is seen as arepresentation of innocence and purity, Asian cultures link white with deathand ominous feelings. Asian texts also lack the immediate connotations ofrace with white that Western society might place on it, especially whenlooking at the concepts of white and black together. Whiteness as a race onlyenters the novel once during a conversation about paying for prostitutes whenanother driver says, "White skin has to be respected" (193). Thereis a fascination with skin color that is different, much like the fur of thewhite tiger. Here, the white skin costs a premium and attracts customers(just like at the zoo), but the prostitute remains a trapped being.
After Balram's first encounter with the white tiger, we beginto see some of the rage that lies within his surface of differance. Milk,which usually connotes nurturing and innocence, becomes the liquid whitesymbol of his anger: I watched the milk. It seethed, and spilled down thesides of the stainless steel vessel; the small, shrunken man smiled--heprovoked the boiling milk with a spoon--it became frothier and frothier,hissing with outrage" (214). Milk holds Balram's unconscious as helooks on it, but he is not ready to define it and make it fully visible untilhe decides an escape route. It is a reminder that Balram has a secondunderlying consciousness, which is also ready to explode in"outrage." The same subconscious self understands that it must takedrastic measures to seek the freedom it yearns for. It knows deep down thatthe nothingness Derrida prescribes is necessary for his success. Hints thathe knows are within the language of the text. The growing link toward thewhite tiger and whiteness is one way we see his deeper knowledge leak intothe text. The repetition of the word "nothing" itself also shows ameaning through absence. It reminds us through a void that the millions ofunnamed or lost people of India have unconscious beings that are kept innothingness by society and government. We cannot blame the people for nottaking advantage of their "nothing" status as Balram does, becausehe must kill a man to succeed. The word appears over thirty times in thetext, often set off in short separated sentences or used as completesentences. From the beginning, "nothing" is equated with thegeographical and societal position that Balram is born into. He calls thisspace the "Darkness" (11), a place absent of knowledge or thechance for enlightenment on any level. As his dead mother is placed in the"black mud" of the Ganga river, he states, "Nothing would getliberated here" (15). He faints at this moment as he does later in frontof the white tiger's cage. Fainting seems to bring him closer to therealm of anti-being as a metaphorical death, where he can then reshapehimself into any Being he chooses.
Before heading to Delhi as a chauffeur, Balram is first named as a"white tiger" by an inspector who notes his intelligence (30).However, the name does not stick at this point because his intelligence doesnot empower him. Instead, it creates jealousy and a need by others to keepBalram in his place within society. The word "nothing" is againused referring to his frustration although it does not yet explode like thelater symbolic milk. His less intelligent older brother, Kishan, takes himout of school one day and says "nothing" to explain where they aregoing (31). Balram is taken to a shop to break coal, one of the lowliest andintelligence lacking jobs he can imagine. As some of the schoolboys comearound and poke fun at him, Balram states twice "I said nothing"(32). He is coming closer to an awareness that he is not satisfied with hisposition in society and that an internal change, rather than voiced responseto the boys, is necessary to leave. He is frustrated throughout the novelwith his "half-baked" education with "half-formed ideas"(8) when seeks knowledge and later "feel[s] a kind of electricitybuzzing up" when he is "standing around books" (175). Woolfsimilarly struggles as her thoughts are eaten up by the guards of theuniversity while she attempts to allow her mind to wander. Although she usesthe metaphor of catching a fish for discovering an idea, "the suddenconglomeration of an idea at the end of one's line" (5), her"little fish" is sent "into hiding" (6). On thetraditional male campus she is cut off from individual freedom. Balram'sknowledge gained in school is sent into hiding when he is first asked tobreak coal and later when he is given a full time position as chauffeur.However, his fluency in English, ability to start his own company with themoney he steals, knowledge of religions, and understanding of both foreignnations of China and the U.S. are all demonstrated throughout the novel andshow the reader that any of the hundreds of millions of Indians who are"half-baked" by education may nonetheless carry great intelligencewithin them. 2b1af7f3a8